The Macro and Micro-Marketing of Counterfeit Goods Essay

The Macro and Micro-Marketing of Counterfeit Goods - Essay Example The act of branding can be traced back to the early 1800s when cowboys would brand their cattle before driving them across the central plains of the United States (Rozin 2002). In order to identify which cattle belonged to each ranch, a unique symbol was permanently burned onto the cow. These symbols, in addition to serving as a means of identification, provided a set of traditions and a social identity for the Cowboys. Today, companies use brands to distinguish themselves from their competition and to communicate unique qualities of their products (Aaker and Keller 1990; Low and Fullerton 1994). Once a brand is established, the brand name itself is thought to add value to the product in the minds of consumers. This added value is referred to as brand equity (Aaker 1991). Companies and designers often employ marketing strategies that capitalize on their brand equity and place a greater value on the shapes and labels of their products than the material from which they are made. Such companies provide buyers with what is conventionally called elite brands, defined by Silverstein and Fiske (2003) as those brands that possess higher levels of quality, taste and aspiration than other brands in the product category. These products are often justifiably priced higher than other brands in order to make their brand seem exclusive and more prestigious. For example, elite designers are able to transform a 10-pound t-shirt into a $200 sought after treasure (Chatpaiboon 2004). Recently, Hermes reported that customers were placed on a two-year waiting list for their most popular Birkin bag, which retails for $6000 (Branch 2004). On eBay, women engaged in bidding wars over a blue Birkin bag for which the winner ultimately paid over $13,000 (Rose 2003).

The Color Purple Essay Example for Free

The Color Purple Essay Alice Walker’s epistolary novel The Color Purple demonstrates how the mistreatment of a woman cannot prevent her from fulfilling her destiny. The protagonist and narrator of the novel, Celie, is a young, uneducated black girl who is verbally and sexually abused by her supposed father, Alphonso. He fathers two children with her, kidnapping both and presumably killing one, if not both. Because of the unwarranted trauma, she struggles for the rest of her life to recover from his abuse and establish her own power. Celie has a much smarter and prettier younger sister Nettie, whom she loves, and of whom she is very protective. Celie saves Nettie from marriage to a suitor referred to only as Mr. when their father forces her to marry him instead. Celie’s stepson Harpo, weds a strong-minded woman, Sofia, who is the complete opposite of Celie. Sofia’s refusal to be abused by anyone, man or woman sparks a curiosity that makes Celie take a closer look at herself. The catalyst of the story is Mr. ’s lover, Shug Avery. Although Celie realizes Shug is her husband’s lover, she does not resent Shug; in fact, Shug becomes Celie’s best friend, lover and even mentor. These influential women, each trying to find their own happiness, fighting their own personal demons, tremendously impact Celie’s life. The women help to educate Celie, whose natural intelligence and talents have been stunted by years of constant humiliation and abuse by her father and husband. It is through each character’s definition of life and struggle within The Color Purple that Alice Walker is able to tell the story of victorious transformation. Walker’s narrative symbolically illustrates a woman’s psychological journey rising from the mentality of an abused victim of poverty to become a strong, independent and confident woman who establishes her own place within her society. The sexual abuse Celie endures at a very early age leaves her powerless with nowhere to turn. Alphonso’s (Pa) sexual abuse is taken a step further when he gives Celie’s two children away to a family. Celie’s ignorance, due to her age and poor education, prevents her from understanding why the children were taken from her, but she does not believe they are dead. Alphonso entices Mr. , a widower with four children, to take Celie instead of Nettie, so he will not have to care for her anymore, by throwing in a cow with the deal. Walid El Hamamsy characterizes the combination package of Celie and the cow as further â€Å"patriarchal oppression† and a way to continue to â€Å"dehumanize† her. Her brutality is continued in her loveless marriage to Mr. , who beats and uses her for sexual convenience. One way to endure the torture is to tell herself â€Å"Celie, you a tree† (23). The other way she is able to tolerate her plight of isolation and despair is through writing letters to God. The letters affords her a voice which otherwise she does not have. Celie’s relationship with her sister Nettie goes beyond just a sisterly bond. Nettie turns out to be the first person to show Celie true unconditional love. With Celie’s children being taken away from her, Nettie fills her void of motherly obligation. Celie wants to guarantee Nettie’s well-being and puts Nettie first for everything. Celie’s view of Nettie as someone filled with potential is in direct contradiction to how Celie sees herself; however, it never stops Nettie from trying to teach Celie so she can open her mind to what is going on in the world around her. When Celie’s husband tells her Nettie has to leave, it is like a ton of bricks lands on Celie. Nettie is the only person from whom Celie ever felt love. When Nettie leaves, she encourages Celie â€Å"to fight,† but Celie is so broken she says she only knows how to â€Å"stay alive† (18). Celie’s mental state is still that of an abused victim: she is encapsulated in a world of deep despair, but Nettie has planted a seed that will grow and eventually take her to a place of confidence. Alice Walker introduces Sofia, a bold, headstrong woman that illustrates assertiveness and self-dignity. Mr. ’s son, Harpo, marries Sofia because he loves her, but later tries to make her succumb to him through brutal force. Harpo has grown up seeing his father physically abuse Celie in order to get his way and when he asks Celie what he should do to get his headstrong wife to submit to him, Celie tells him he should beat her. Celie sees little or no value in herself. She survives victimization by accepting that fighting back will only cause more harm than good. Anyone can do or say anything they want to Celie since she has accepted her place and submits to the violence. With telling Harpo to beat his wife, Celie is once again showing her abused mentality: she truly believes that physical oppression by husbands is normal. Critic Stacie Lynn Hankinson contends Celie portrays â€Å"a survival-of-the-fittest perspective, which pitted her against, rather than aligning her with, other women. † After Sofia learns of the betrayal of Celie, she boldly confronts her only to figure out Celie is actually on her side. Sofia tells Celie â€Å"All my life I had to fight† (40). Sofia embodies something that would not allow her to be a victim, no matter who she has to fight. Celie professes her jealousy of Sofia because she unfortunately did not have the strength to fight and was continuously a victim. Sofia offers something to Celie she never had before; moral support. Sofia’s constant retaliation against Harpo assists Celie to understand that rebellion, fighting, is a way to escape victimization. Celie’s lack of confidence resides in her fear of not being loved. When Shug Avery, a Blues singer and her husband’s lover, enters Celie’s life, Celie become conscious of an intimate, trusting love, which empowers Celie to assert herself. Shug enables Celie to freely express herself and talk about all the unfortunate things that have happened to her over the years. Shug also helps Celie find her voice and change how she views herself. After Shug tells Celie â€Å"you still a virgin† Celie starts to look at herself less as a victim and gradually lessens her acceptance of ill treatment and stands up for herself (78). Shug shows Celie how having a powerful voice can be pivotal in changing their life. Walker uses the relationship between Shug and Celie as a way to emphasize consistency and a strong bond. Shug is not only Celie’s confidant but there is a role reversal and Celie becomes Shug’s confidant. Their conversations bring up points not only do they think about, but the reader might as well. â€Å"I think it pisses God off if you walk by the color purple in a field somewhere and don’t notice it† (197). After her conversations with Shug Celie realizes she must strip her mind of the impression of God that her male-dominated society has placed on her and replace it with a holistic one. Celie’s recognition of God as a Creator allows her to establish a place in her society and finally love herself, just as she is. Marc A. Cristophe agrees as he writes in his essay The Color Purple: An Existential Novel, â€Å"she has rejoined the community of men and women; she has found herself, her own place †¦and is able to marvel at the creation, at life itself. †

Breastfeeding vs. Bottle Feeding Essay -- Breastfeeding vs. Formula

Very few experts disagree with the fact that breastfeeding is the optimal choice for the infant. However, decreasing breastfeeding rates raise many questions as to why mothers are not choosing the best nutritional choice for their children. Despite breast milk being the obvious choice for infant feeding due to the health, psychological, and economic benefits, many mothers still decide to feed their infants formula due to lack of knowledge and support, difficulties with breastfeeding, and social embarrassment. Changes need to be made with formula companies, medical professionals, and the public opinion of breastfeeding in order to give nursing mothers the support they deserve. The main factor in encouraging breastfeeding is the emphasis on the major health benefits for both the mother and the child. Many researchers have concluded that breast milk helps improve overall infant health and reduces risks of some diseases and cancers for the infant as well as the mother. According to Newman and Pitman, there are numerous health benefits for a breastfed infant. They describe that breast milk contains anti-bodies that keep a child from getting ill, and that the milk’s composition changes as the child grows to better protect and benefit the immune system and growth of the child (Newman, Pitman 19). The most immediate health benefit for the infant is the reduction of the chances of an infant dying from sudden infant death syndrome, more commonly known as SIDS or crib death (Newman, Pitman 11). More long term benefits are reductions for the chances of a child developing diabetes, asthma and other respiratory diseases, ear infections, and even cancer development during childhood. There is also evidence of a reduced chance of a breastfed ch ild developing Crohn’s disease or forms of heart disease, as well as minor health problems such as allergies and eczema (Newman, Pitman 11-12). Newman and Pitman also write that children who were breastfed show signs of more enhanced brain development and tend to score higher on tests than those children who were formula fed, due to the fact that breast milk is made for humans by humans and therefore already contains the nutrients that are essential to brain development (10). As is the case with infants, breastfeeding also contributes to health benefits for the mother. In an article published in the Journal of Women’s Health, God... ... Dorota Iwaniec, et al. "Breast Is Best? Reasons Why Mothers Decide To Breastfeed Or Bottlefeed Their Babies And Factors Influencing The Duration Of Breastfeeding." Child Care In Practice 12.3 (2006): 283-297. Academic Search Complete. Web. 29 Jan. 2013. Foss, Katherine A., and Brian G. Southwell. "Infant Feeding And The Media: The Relationship Between Parents' Magazine Content And Breastfeeding, 1972-2000." International Breastfeeding Journal 1.(2006): 1-9. Academic Search Complete. Web. 28 Jan. 2013. Godfrey, Jodi R., and Ruth A. Lawrence. "Toward Optimal Health: The Maternal Benefits Of Breastfeeding." Journal Of Women's Health (15409996) 19.9 (2010): 15971602. Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Jan. 2013. Newman, Jack and Teresa Pitman. The Ultimate Breastfeeding Book of Answers. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2006. Print. United States. Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding. Washington: GPO, 2011. Print. Weimer, John P. United States. Department of Agriculture. Economic Research Service. The Economic Benefits of Breastfeeding: A Review and Analysis. Washington: 2010. Web. 27 Jan. 2013.

Factors on the Four Functions of Management Essay

In regards to internal and external factors that can significantly influence the four functions of management, include such items as globalization, technology, diversity, ethics and innovation. Furthermore, all of these items pay an important role in the dominance of General Motors in the automotive industry. GM has changed manufacture attitudes to concentrate on some strategic priorities those being to become common, envision lean and compete fast, participate on a worldwide footing, cultivate the business and as a rule significantly keep their attention on the finished goods. General Motors is determined to be committed to a lean and familiar single, global manufacturing approach (Automotive Intelligence News, 2003). The external factor of globalization is a major factor in today’s business world. Globalization additionally adds to the factors of cultural diversity and cultural ethics as it pertains to business climate, culture and organization. Likewise, even in the US General Motors deals with the issues of diversity and values based of the many cultures that live within the country. Diversity can be both a help and a hindrance to the four function of management, in that when cultural diversity is utilized correctly it aids in all phases of business. However, if both the countries or the individual workers feel that their culture or beliefs are being looked down upon or are demeaned this can lead to serious repercussion. The same ca be said concerning the ethics each culture holds management must walk a fine line to ensure no vilification or no indignity occurs. Globalization needs a firm touch and a steady hand in the first planning, which entails what countries a company wants to build and sell their goods to, while maintaining a presence in that country. What value the product will bring, the cost of materials, taxes or tariffs, and if the people of those countries have a  need, the cost, and the desire to purchase their vehicles. As to organizing, in globalization GM must ensure that local customs will not be pushed aside and must they maintain a proper level of respect and decorum in dealing with the local population and their cultural identity. Manager must organize by creating a dialog with other countries on GM’s products, explaining the utilization of each countries environmental assets and capital, showing how that being a partnering country with GM will help their country and its people. They must correspondingly incorporate the concept of co-design and systems approach, during the organization function to ensure each country has the belief that they are truly partners with GM. General Motors is currently in the process of restructuring their Global Vehicle Engineering organization. The reason they are doing this is to enhance cross-system integration and to bring more coherent implementation across vehicle platforms. They are also further addressing the functional safety and compliance in its vehicles worldwide (GM News, 2014). Whereas this reorganization moves GM away from long-established regional authority toward an organization built on global functions. As to the role of leading, globalization brings with it a different set of problems and requirements. In General Motors situation the leading function of management, in the terms of what the role intention is remains the same and can be defined as the focus of guiding the activities of personnel with motivation. However, the challenges of doing so on a global scale are daunting because of issues in cultural difference, in ethics and diversity. Managers must have a working knowledge of the country’s culture, its ethical stances, and language differences both verbal and nonverbal. The controlling function of management within globalization again comes with its own set of issues that need to be overcome. Likewise, to be able to establish standards, then measure the performance in contrast to those standards and make corrective changes to those standards and plans that have been determined ineffective (Merchant, 1982). In a global setting put additional meaning to the controlling function of management. Management for General Motors have been successful in the endeavor and proof of this can be seen in how they continue to rank near or at the top the list of vehicles sold worldwide. GM is closing the gap on Toyota lead in sales, because of changes in how they are using the control function of management to correct the situation.  Since, GM began to renovate its vehicle roster into one of the keenest and newest in the automotive industry from one of the eldest and more outdated ones (Jie, & Horie, 2014). So any and everyone can see how globalization as an external factor affects a company such as General Motors in its operations of the four functions of management. Technology in this case should be considered both and external and internal factor that can affect a company such as GM. Since, technology deals with not only information and enterprise systems to run a business, it also deals with the creation of new products and equipment to be use in their cars and trucks. General Motors in being such a large global company have an extensive enterprise system to deal with employees, customers, security, and data collection to enable it to run both effectively and efficiently on a global scale. However, technology in the creation and advancement of products goes hand in hand with innovation. We can see how technology is part of innovation, in the way GM addresses the idea of a fully electric car that can go 200 miles between charges. Additionally, the connection of technology and innovation is seen in General Motor’s electric and gas hybrid car the Chevy Volt. GM similarly has an all-electric car that can go 82 miles on a charge called the Chevy Spark (The Denver Post, 2013). General Motor’s innovations created a need for better technology in electric car batteries, charging systems. They also created a need for electric charging facilities for people who are traveling on long trips, which are still under research as to cost, viability, and the possibility. All of this innovation leads to technology to design and build components that will be needed to compete in this sector of the industry. What is more, all four functions of management are thoroughly affected by globalization, diversity, ethics, innovation and technology as these elements play a crucial role in the structure and running of any business in today world economy. References Automotive Intelligence News. (2003). GM’s Global Manufacturing System – A System To Build Great Cars and Trucks. Retrieved from http://www.autointell.com/News-2003/January-2003/January-2003-1/January-03-03-p6.htm GM News. (2014). GM Restructures Global Engineering for Cross-System Integration. Retrieved from http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2014/Apr/0422-global-eng.html Jie, M. & Horie, M. (2014). Toyota Beats GM in 2013 as 10 Million Vehicles Seen. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-01-23/toyota-beats-gm-vw-in-2013-car-sales-sees-3-growth-this-year.html Merchant, K. (1982). Controlling Function of Management. Retrieved from http://sloanreview.mit.edu/ The Denver Post. (2013). General Motors working on 200-mile electric car, exec says. Retrieved from http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_24109259/general-motors-working-200-mile-electric-car-exec

Application Letter

October 2012 Hon. Shirlita Y. Chong Municipal Mayor Liloan, Southern Leyte Dear Madam: I would like to apply as Enumerator in the update survey of the 2009 result of the National Household Targeting System for Poverty Reduction (NHTS – PR) by next year 2013. I’m Arlene Salada, married a resident of Brgy. Ilag, Liloan Southern Leyte and a Bachelor of Elementary Education graduated at Tomas Oppus Normal College Tomas Oppus Southern Leyte. I work as BHW (Barangay Health Worker) for 5 years last 2002 up to 2007 at Brgy. Ilag , Liloan So. Leyte.I was also a Community Profiler Volunteer of Plan Philippines. I’m hardworking and willing to be part of the NHTS-PR enumerators. Thank You. More Power. ARLENE B. SALADA Applicant List of Secretaries of Education (*) Acting Capacity #| Name| Term Began| Term Ended| President| Secretary of Public Instruction| 1| Sergio Osmena| 1935| 1940| Manuel Quezon| | 2| Jorge Bocobo| 1940| 1941| | | Secretary of Public Instruction, Health, and Public Welfare| (1)| Sergio Osmena| 1941| 1944| Manuel Quezon| | Minister of Public Instruction| *| Jorge Bocobo| 1943| 1945| Jose Laurel| |Secretary of Information and Public Relations| 3| Carlos P. Romulo| 1944| 1945| Sergio Osmena| | Secretary of Public Instruction and Information| 4| Francisco Benitez| 1945| 1945| Sergio Osmena| | Secretary of Education| | Francisco Benitez| 1945| 1946| Sergio Osmena| | Secretary of Instruction| 5| Manuel Gallego| 1946| 1948| Manuel Roxas| | Secretary of Education| 6| Prudencio Langcauon| 1948| 1953| Elpidio Quirino| | Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports| 7| Lourdes Quisumbing| February 1986| December 1989| Corazon Aquino| | 8| Isidro Carino| January 1990| June 1992| | | | Armand Fabella| July 1992| July 1994| Fidel Ramos| | 10| Ricardo Gloria| August 1994| December 1997| | | 11| Erlinda Pefianco| January 1998| June 1998| | | 12| Bro. Andrew Gonzalez, FSC, Ph,D| Hulyo 1998| January 2001| Joseph Estrada| | Secretary of Education| 13| R aul Roco| February 2001| August 2002| Gloria Macapagal Arroyo| | 14| Edilberto de Jesus| September 2002| July 2004| | | 15| Florencio Abad| July 2004| July 2005| | | *| Ramon Bacani| July 2005| September 2005| | | *| Fe Hidalgo| September 2005| July 2006| | | 6| Jesli Lapus| July 2006| March 2010| | | 17| Mona Valisno| March 2010| June 30, 2010| | | 18| Bro. Armin Luistro, FSC| June 30, 2010| Incumbent| Benigno S. Aquino III| | Secretary of Education (Philippines) Secretary of Public Instruction SERGIO OSMENA JORGE BOCOBO 1935-1940 1940-1941 Secretary of Information and Public Relations Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports Dr. Lourdes R. Quisumbing – February 1986 December 1989 CARLOS P. ROMULO 1944 – 1945Secretary of Public Instruction and InformationSecretary of Education, Culture and Sports 4 Francisco Benitez 1945 1945 Sergio Osmena Secretary of Education Francisco Benitez 1945 1946 Secretary of Instruction 5 Manuel Gallego 1946 1948 Secretary of Education 6 Prudencio Langcauon 1948 1953 Isidro Carino January 1990 June 1992 Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports Armand Fabella July 1992 July 1994 Secretary of Education, Culture and SportsSecretary of Education, Culture and Sports Erlinda Pefianco Bro. Andrew Gonzalez, FSC, Ph,D Hulyo 1998 January 2001 Joseph EstradaJanuary 1998 June 1998 Secretary of Education Secretary of Education Edilberto de Jesus Ramon Bacani September 2002 – July 2004 July2005-Sept. 2005 Fe Hidalgo September 2005-July2006 Raul Roco February 2001 August 2002 Jose Abad Jesli Lapus Mona Valisno Luis Fermin July 2004-July 2005 July 2006- March 2010 March 2010-June 2010 June 30 2010 –

Child Development in relation to Crime Essays

Child Development in relation to Crime Essays Child Development in relation to Crime Essay Child Development in relation to Crime Essay CD ( Conduct Disorder ) , ADD ( Attenttion Deficit Disorder ) and ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ) along with larning disablements, kids need place and school stablenesss. Besides rigorous modus operandi agendas and ocular charts will hold a important consequence on kid s behavior, which if non taken earnestly in history, their behavior may take to offense. Some of these instances appear to be familial nevertheless some could be the consequence of a head hurt or exposure to nicotine, take, intoxicant and cocaine during antenatal development. ( Bee, 2000 ) . During gestation female parents should be cognizant of their nutritionary consumption, physical activities and life style in general. Whilst taking attention of her wellness, she is besides protecting her unborn kid from environmental jeopardies that may be harmful during this gestation period ( Feldmen, 2000 ) . Sharing acerate leafs in drug use can increase the hazard of HIV, which subsequently may be transefered to the unborn kid. Drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine apart from being really powerful stimulations which work on the encephalon, they besides suppress the female parent s appetency, which will take to miss of nutriment which is much needed particularly during gestation. The hazards include abortion, premature labor and a babe born on drug dependence. So at this really initial phase of a kid s life, the female parent is already seting her babe through a batch of emphasis due to drug backdown symptons, agitating, insomnia, musculus twinging and imbibing jobs ( ACDE, 199 9 ) . Mothers who consume intoxicant during the 40 hebdomads of gestation may opportunity that their unborn kid will demo marks of foetal intoxicant syndrome ( FAS ) which affects between 0.5 and 3 of every 1000 babies in the United States, this means that between 2,000 and 12,000 kids with FAS are born every twelvemonth. ( Stratton et al 1996 ) . Abnormalities may be in the signifier of facial and head deformity, larning disablement, malfunction of cardinal nervous system and attending deficieny. ( About.com, 2010 ) . The household is one of the most of import factors in every human life, allow entirely for a kid that needs love, effectual subject and counsel in every circumstance. Till some old ages back many believed that difficult subject, paddling and whipping is the best manner to accomplish consequences when covering with kids s behavior. It was a really one manner dictorial relationship, what the parents or normally the male parent ( as he was the caput of the household ) says, goes. In today s universe where kids are more heard, where relationships are going two-way, theoreticians are looking at a biopsychosocial position. The parenting manners harmonizing to ( Maccoby A ; Martin 1983 ) who based their surveies on psychologist Baumrind D. research ( Baumrind 1967 ) have divided the parent attack into four manners: Authoritarian Parenting Child are to make what they are being asked of them. If regulations are non abide to, punished will avail. Children might be compliant but that does nt intend that they are content. Permissive Parenting Undemanding parents do nt anticipate really high accomplishments from their kids. Parents are more antiphonal and friendly towards their kids s behaviour. As demands are non extremely requested kids tend to be slower at school, might acquire into problem and are non that happy. Authoritative Parenting Very similar to the autocratic manner nevertheless these parents are more unfastened for treatment. They tend to prolong and non punish kids. Due to supportive parents kids do good, are independent and happy. Neglected Rearing Very small bond between parents and kid. The parent may or may non make full the kid s material basic demands nevertheless they are detached from the kid existent demands. These kids tend to hold a really low dignity, assurance and non capable as their equals. Every female parent and male parent tends to hold their ain typical manner. Normally kids detect rather early on in their childhood, who is more permissive to travel inquiring for their demands and remain off from the autocratic. Parents who are holding jobs with intoxicant, drugs or upsets might ensue to be the ignored type. These parents are already fighting with their troubles to be able to take the duties of their kid and carry through his basic demands of love and fondness. ( Bee, 2000 ) . However as Steven Pinker argued, the parents attack and attitude towards everything in life will find kids s behavior ( Pinker,2004 ) . Parents behavior and personality towards their kids alterations as new experiences set in. A kid needs his parents blessing, fondness, physical touch, support and attention. The kid needs to cognize that love and aid are a measure off. Taking involvement in a kid s mundane life is of utmost importance. ( Maccoby,1980 ) . Harmonizing to Pettit et Al ( 1997 ) kids who are brought up in low societal environment, but are sustained by warm respectful households, are more likely to remain off from bad company and unwanted influences. G. Pettit did a comparing with other kids who live in the same underprivileged country but with a lesser sum of love. ( Pettit, Bates A ; Dodge 1997a ) . A kid learns largely by copying a parent s illustration. Equally much as he can reproduce a positive theoretical account, he will besides larn to make the negative 1s. Spanking a kid even for the most mischievious behavior, possibly will be a short term solution. However in the long term this force will turn into aggresiveness and may take the kid ( or adoloscene ) into problem who at a ulterior age show higher degree of aggression and have less popularity with their equals, lower self-pride, more emotional instability, higher rates of depression and hurt, and higher degrees of deliquency and ulterior criminalism . ( Laub A ; Sampson 1995 ) , ( Rohner et al, 1991 ) ( Strassberg et al, 1994 ) ( Turner A ; Finkelhor 1996 ) . Lack of communicating between all household members leads to a life of incongruancy, where everyone lives his ain life, separate from the remainder. Shouting at each other to turn out a point and halt hearing to what is being said will hold a negative side consequence. When the relationship between a adult male and a adult female starts to demo clefts, the kid is the first to experience the tenseness in the air. Listening and being in the center of a battle, where verbal maltreatment, disgusting linguistic communication and possibly domestic force is the order of the twenty-four hours, will go forth an impact on any kid s head. Divorce leaves a negative impact on most kids, will convey out aggressiveness and hapless school concentration. Studies show that male childs tend to endure more than misss ( Hetherington,1989 ) , ( Kline et al, 1989 ) . Domestic force attacks the weak, creates fear, shatters safety and security. It brings anxiousness, panic, self blame, confusion, low self-pr ide, incubuss and loss of slumber to anyone who is victim to this maltreatment. More than half of the school-age kids in domestic force shelters show clinical degrees of anxiousness or posttraumatic emphasis upset ( Graham-Bermann, 1994 ) . These kids without appropriate intervention and attending will be in danger of force, go forthing school early and holding problem to interrelate with others. They will be attracted to do usage of illegal substances ( Volpe, 1996 ) . Another type of force that we witness on day-to-day footing in our places is through media. Harmonizing to the Maltese Jurisdiction under Article 208 of the Criminal Code, exposing a kid to pornographic or obscene images, being exposures, movies or electronic images to a kid who is non 9 old ages of age, will be penalised for a term between seven months to one twelvemonth with or without lone parturiency ( Interpol Malta, 2010 ) . Daily intelligence show the devastation of war, self-destructive onslaughts and all sort of offenses. Very few times, we listen to some light amusing intelligence. It seems that light amusing intelligence are no intelligence at all, and that people merely want to listen merely about the negative side of life. Does it do anyone better knowing that someplace in the universe, person is traveling through snake pit? Do we experience better cognizing that our life is more comfy and less helter-skelter? Most sketch programmes ( which should be aimed to entertain and educate our kids ) are full of contending, green-eyed monster, fire, guns, detonations and other force that should be abolished from this sort of programmes. Most tv series with the highest sum of audience, are based on offense white neckband offense, low category force, slayings, mobsters, Mafia, consecutive slayers, tribunal instances A ; prisons. It seems that people are attracted towards force. The fact that there are so many series on offense, is a affair of demand V supply. Another medium that induces force is internet. From erotica, suicide methods, pedophile stuff to terrorist manuals. Chat suites ( when 1 does non cognize the existent individuality of his chew the fating equal ) might turn out as a awful surprise. Most game console rubrics are violent and inflict aggression which may trip deviant behavior in existent life off from the game itself. Confusion between the practical and existent universe. Bandura warned that children and grownups get attitudes, emotional responses, and new manners of behavior through filmed and televised mold ( Bandura, 1977 ) . Another research worker George Gerbner has dedicated portion of his surveies on fright generated when watching force on telecasting. ( Baran, 2001 ) . In the Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura ( Bandura, 1977 ) there are four constituents which are: attending acquisition by imitation ( copying person s behavior and action ) keeping After imitation, behavior will be stored in long term memory so it could be retrieved motor reproduction one time the behavior is learnt, it can be replicated through physical ability motive / support when one extra an action for a wages. On this theory we can reason that kids are led by illustration, as they absorb and imitate any behavior that attract their attending. They are non merely enticed due to wonder, but they need to retroflex and demo that they can make it every bit good, particularly if there is a wages as an accomplishment. Adults who were antecedently sexually abused, and now they are executing the same act, to a kid are victims themselves. The kid will go through from an emotional rollercoaster. He wants to be loyal, nice and stay the maltreater ( if the maltreater is a household member ) . The kid may experience shame if he is old plenty to cognize that certain things should non be done. The kid may happen it difficult to associate to a parent or gaurdian for the fright of non being believed. This will convey on anger, misgiving, foul feelings, deformed position of sex and a healthy loving relationship. And worst of all is the fact that the individual who is mistreating, ( most likely is a household member, relation acquitance or pedagogue ) is being trusted with a cherished kid. ( AACAP, 2008 ) . Children who are being abused might be in phases 1 and 3 of Kolbher s Moral Development Theory. In phase 1 Obedience and Punishment which lies under degree 1 Pre-conventional Morality a kid ( or grownup ) is expected to obey the regulations in order non to acquire punished . The bash as I say or discipline will take over method. In phase 3 Common interpersonal outlooks, relationships and interpersonal conformance which lies under degree 2 Conventional Morality an obedient kid ( or grownup ) is seeking to populate up to others outlooks, to be judged justly and be accepted in society ( Kohlberg, 1963 ) . In households where there is a fiscal constrain, possibly one or both parents are unemployed or with occupation instabilty, kids are more likely to be neglected. If the parents had already lived with a male parent who used to register for work, without success and populating on societal benefits, they will happen themselves accommodating good in this state of affairs. Possibly they were nt given adequate support to go to school and their educational background will assist really small to get a secure occupation. Neglecting the kid and expose him to a scenario where instruction is non at the top of the list is like giving him a one manner ticket to deliquency. Parents deficiency of motive, without any touchable planning, thoughts and dreams is like killing a kid s hope that there is a better life than the 1 he is in. When a kid is neglected and deprieved from attending and fondness, he will endeavor to happen the missing emotional fond regard elsewhere. This is may take him to happen unequal friends, and together may act in irregular ways. R. Kempe and Kempe ( 1978 ) reported that some abused kids were compliant and accepting of whatever happened to them, while others were aggressive, overactive and missing in trust and societal accomplishments . ( Faber A ; Egeland, 1987 ) . Child neglect-a really common type of child abuse-is a form of neglecting to supply for a kid s basic demands, whether it be equal nutrient, vesture, hygiene, or supervising . ( Saisan Smith A ; Segal, 2009 ) Another type of disregard is where there is chronic unwellness and /or mental upsets in the household. This sort of disregard may non come on intent but because of state of affairss that no 1 had the power to command. Mental unwellness or other hapless wellness jobs, may take parents to set the precedence of a kid s existance aside. It s really true that when illness struck, particularly to a female parent who used to beguile most household errands, things that were of import, lose their significance. On the other manus, when the male parent is ill, employment may be jeopardized or lost. This will go on to set emphasis on the whole state of affairs. Parents who suffer from anxiousness, depression, obsessional compulsive upset etc, may set an increased hazard of go throughing these anxiousnesss on their kids, which may go a barbarous rhythm. An inconsistent, unpredictable household environment besides contributes to psychiatric unwellness in kids. Mental unwellness of a parent can se t emphasis on the matrimony and impact the parenting abilities of the twosome, which in bend can harm the kid .A ( AACAP, 2008 ) An of import factor in a kid s upbringing is the environment and cultural milieus. It starts from place, and all the topographic points that form portion of any kid s life, like school, church and any other interaction groups such as spiritual and cultural ( Girl Guides / Boys Scounts ) . The societal facets of these topographic points help kids to incorporate and organize portion of society. It is healthy for their physical being ( running in the pace will assist them to wind off ) , psychological well being ( experiencing portion of a community ) and the societal facet as they will portion with friends. The kid must be exposed to the religious side of our being. When a household gathers together to portion a supplication before repasts, it unifies the sense of belonging. These little communities have a large impact on the kid s being. He might happen common involvement and motive in these groups, like trades doing, praying, pulling, treatments and excursions. He will besides disput e his bounds, to demo that he can do it. On the other manus when his purpose mark is higher than from what he can really accomplish, his self-efficacy will decrease ( Bandura,1997 ) . These facets all lead to a holistic instruction like sharing, sense of togetherness and esthesia. However, the kid may come from a household where outside societal interaction is non-existant. He may happen resistance and ill will behavior from the the parents towards these extracurricular activities and the kid will be discouraged to go to. He will non be exposed to different interactions, and is likely to be diffident, anti-social and introvert. In peculiar, the security of the kid s fond regard, and the quality of the kid s relationships with others outside of the household, seem to be strongly affected by the specific quality of interactions within the household . ( Bee, 2000 ) . In this decision, harmonizing to Steven Pinker, it would be truly stupid to presume that genetic sciences on their ain drama the chief and lone function in one kid s behavior. The effects of cistrons differ harmonizing to the environment they are exposed to. Some biological traits become more apparent in a peculiar environment. A kid with ADHD will go more prone to delinquency and to interrupt the jurisprudence, if he is populating in a vicinity where he is exposed to hooliganism, force, drugs and intoxicant ( Pinker, Autumn, 2004 ) . On the other manus, possibly the same kid would act otherwise if he has the chance for instruction, near knitted household and a better surrounding. Having a familial sensitivity for condemnable behavior does non find the actions of an single, but if they are exposed to the right environment, so their opportunities are greater for prosecuting in condemnable or anti-social behaviour . ( Jones, 2005 ) . Besides another of import factor that we should no n overlook is the socialisation facet that J. R. Harris has concluded. This facet shows the value of equals and peer force per unit area. Although households struggle to organize good their kids s public presentation, the kid himself chooses his friends and do an attempt to be acknowledged and experience of import as portion of the group. So holding the right household upbringing and good background are non plenty if the kid s friends are non the ideal clump who can take him to offense. ( Harris, 2004 ) References A ; Bibliography AACAP. ( 2008, May ) . Facts for Families Child Sexual Abuse. Retrieved 10 23, 2010, from American Academy of Child A ; Adolescent Psychiatry: hypertext transfer protocol: //aacap.org/page.ww? name=Child+Sexual+Abuse A ; section=Facts+for+Families AACAP. ( 2008, December ) . Facts for Families Child Of Parents With Mental Illness. Retrieved October 24, 2010, from American Academy of Child A ; Adoloscent Psychiatry: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/children_of_parents_with_mental_illness About.com. ( 2010 ) . Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Retrieved 10 23, 2010, from About.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //alcoholism.about.com/od/fas/a/fas_conditions.htm Bandura A. ( 1997 ) . Self-efficacy. The exercising of control. New York. Freeman. In H. Bee, The Developing Child. Allyn A ; Bacon. Bandura, A. ( 1977 ) . Social Learning Theory. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliff. Baran, S. J. ( 2001 ) . In S. J. Baran, Introduction to mass communicating: media literacy and civilization ( p. 368 ) . Mayfield Pub. Baumrind D. ( ( 1967 ) ) . Child-care patterns predating three forms of preschool behaviour. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, 43-88. Retrieved October 24, 2010, from About.com ( psychological science ) : hypertext transfer protocol: //psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-style.htm Baumrind D. ( 1991 ) . The influence of rearing manner on adolescent competency and substance usage. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11 ( 1 ) , 56-95. Retrieved October 24, 2010, from Aboout.com ( psychological science ) : hypertext transfer protocol: //psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-style.htm Bee H. ( 2000 ) . The Developing Child 9th Edition pg 57. Allyn A ; Bacon. Bee H. ( 2000 ) . The Developing Child 9th Edition pg 487. Allyn A ; Bacon. Bee H. ( 2000 ) . The Developing Child 9th Edition pg 386. Allyn A ; Bacon. Caitlin M. Jones. ( 2005, February ) . Familial and Environmental Influences on Criminal Behavior Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved October 24, 2010, from www.personalityresearch.org: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.personalityresearch.org/papers/jones.html Faber A ; Egeland. ( 1987 ) . Invulnerablility among abused and ignored kids. Resilience in Children at Risk. In B. J. Elwyn James Anthony, The Invulnerable Child ( p. 254 ) . Guilford Press. Feldmen, R. ( 2000 ) . Necessities of Understanding Psychology ( 4th ed. ) . Retrieved October 25, 2010, from www.A1Informationblog.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.madalcapital.com/nature-versus-nurture Graham-Bermann. ( 1994 ) . IV. Possible Signs and Symptoms of Domestic Violence in Children and Adolescents. Retrieved 10 23, 2010, from American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aaets.org/article8.htm Hetherington E.M. ( 1989 ) . Coping with household passages: Winners, also-rans, and subsisters. Child Development 60. . In B. H, The Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 18 ) . Allyn A ; Bacon. Judith Rich Harris The Nurture Assumption. ( Fall, 2004 ) . Daedalus -Daedalus Why Nature A ; Nurture Wo nt Travel Away by Steven Pinker. Vol. 133, No. 4, On Human Nature, Published by: The MIT Press on behalf of American Academy of Arts A ; Sciences, pp. 5-17 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org.ejournals.um.edu.mt/stable/20027940. Kline et Al. ( 1989 ) . Children s accommodation in joint and exclusive physical detention households. Developmental psychological science 25. In B. H, The Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 18 ) . Allyn A ; Bacon. Kohlberg L. ( 1976 ) . Moral Stages and Moralization. The Cognitive-develpmental attack. In T. Lickona ( ED ) Moral Development and Behaviour Theeory, research, and societal Issues ( pp 31-53 ) NY Holt. . In H. Bee, The Child Development 9th Edition ( p. 362 ) . Allyn A ; Bacon. Laub J.H. A ; Sampson R.J. ( 1995 ) . The long term consequence of punitory subject. In J. McCord ( Ed ) Coercion and penalty in long term position. In H. Bee, The Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 383 ) . Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Maccoby E. E. A ; Martin J. A. ( 1983 ) . . Socialization in the context of the household: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen A ; E. M. Hetherington, Handbook of child psychological science: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and societal development ( 4th ed. ) . New York. Retrieved October 24, 2010, from About.com ( psychological science ) : hypertext transfer protocol: //psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-style.htm Maccoby E.E. ( 1980 ) . Social development ; Psychological growing and the parent-child relationship. In H. Bee, The Developing Child ( p. 380 ) . New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Maccoby E.E. ( 1992 ) . The function of parents in the socialisation of kids: An historical overview. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1006-1017. Retrieved October 24, 2010, from About.com ( psychological science ) : hypertext transfer protocol: //psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-style.htm Ormrod, J. E. ( 2004 ) . Human Learning Fouth Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Pettit G.S. Bates J.E. A ; Dodge K. A. ( 1997a ) . Supportive parenting, ecological context, and kids s accommodation ; A seven-year longitudinal survey. In H. Bee, The Developing Child ( p. 380 ) . Pinker, S. ( Autumn, 2004, ) . Daedalus Why Nature A ; Nurture Wo nt Travel Away. Pinker Vol. 133, No. 4, On Human Nature Published by: The MIT Press obo American Academy of Arts A ; Sciences, pp. 5-17 / hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org.ejournals.um.edu.mt/stable/20027940. Rohner R. P. et Al. ( 1991 ) . Effectss of bodily penalty, perceived caretaker heat and cultural beliefs on the psychological accommodations of kids in St. Kitts West Indies. Journal of Marrige and the household. In H. Bee, The Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 383 ) . Saisan Smith A ; Segal. ( 2009, December ) . Child Abuse and Neglect Recognising and forestalling kid maltreatment. Retrieved 10 24, 2010, from helpguide.org: hypertext transfer protocol: //helpguide.org/mental/child_abuse_physical_emotional_sexual_neglect.htm Spelke E. ( 1991 ) . Physical Knowledge in babyhood Ref. on Piaget s theory pg 133-169 The Epigenesis of head. . In H. Bee, The Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 5 ) . Hillsdale NJ Erlbaum. Strassberg Z. et Al. ( 1994 ) . Spanking in the place and kids s subsequent aggression towards kindergarten equals. Development and Psychopathology. In H. Bee, Te Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 383 ) . Stratton et Al. ( 1996 ) . Fetal intoxicant Syndrome Diagnosis, epidemiology, bar A ; intervention. In H. Bee, The Developing Child ( p. 57 ) . Washington DC: National Academy Press. Turner H. A. A ; Finkelhor D. ( 1996 ) . Bodily penalty as a stressor among young person. Journal of Marriage and the Family. . In H. Bee, The Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 383 ) . Volpe, J. S. ( 1996 ) . Effectss of Domestic Violence on Children and Adolescents: An Overview. Retrieved 10 23, 2010, from American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aaets.org/article8.htm

Networking Diagrams and Case Study Essays

Networking Diagrams and Case Study Essays Networking Diagrams and Case Study Essay Networking Diagrams and Case Study Essay Workstation – A computer or a dumb terminal that is connected to a network that inputs and outputs data and is often the ending point of a network, but not always. 2. IP Addresses An IP Address is a multi-digit number assigned to each device in a network that uses the internet protocol (IP) to communicate. 3. Switch – A switch is a networking device that connects network devices. A switch is also commonly known as a network bridge that routes data at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. 4. Router A router is a device that forwards data packets between computer networks. The router reads the address of the packet to determine where its final destination. 5. WAN/LAN – LAN is a network that connects computers in a smaller area such as a home. The difference between a LAN and a WAN are that a WAN is when two LAN’s are connected with a LEASED line that connects them. 6. Firewall – Can either be software or hardware-based and is used to help keep a network safe. Its main objective is to control the incoming and outgoing traffic as it analyzes the data packets and determining whether it should be allowed through or not. 7. Server/Proxy Server – operates on layer 7, 6, 3 of the OSI model 8. Star Network – One of the most common network topologies. A star network has one central switch/hub/computer, which sends messages to all the other connected nodes. 9. VPN – A Virtual Private Network is a secure network that can be accessed from anywhere. E.g. LJBC school portal network can be directly accessed from school and then if you enter your school username/password from home on the portal page you can also access it. B) OSI layers: 1. Work Station – N/A 2. IP Address – Layer 3 Network Layer 3. Switch – Layer 2 Data Link Layer 4. Router – Layer 2 Data Link Layer and has access to layer 3 and 4 5. WAN/LAN – uses stuff that occurs on layers 1, 3, 4 and WAN also access layer 7 and 6. 6. Firewall – If it’s an application firewall it works on layer 7 and it has access to the network layer (layer 3) 7. Server/Proxy Server – As it can be software, it can work on the application layer (layer 7) and it also works on the transport layer (layer 4) 8. Star Network – uses stuff that occurs on layers 1, 3, 4 9. VPN – runs on the application layer (layer 7) and has access to the physical layer 2. 3. A) Possible Future needs DingoMobile: Expanded Servers (Multiple Head/Smaller Offices). Expansions – New Stores/Offices ________________ New Workstations/Peripheral Device ________________ LAN – Currently, Dingo Mobile has a single store, and a head office. Each individual premise would require a network. The LAN network would allow this; we could connect all the workstations and various other devices (including servers for the Head Office). The LAN network is better described in part 2, basically being a physically connected network on each of the individual premises. Through doing this, we would be able to create a physically network that allows for an individual network, and then also allows the LAN network to interact with the other stores through the VPN. Justification – Taking into consideration the fact that most of DingoMobile’s stores will probably want to use more than one workstation, so creating a LAN network on each premise will cater for this, and then allow each of the connected workstations to also access the internet. The LAN will also allow each store to utilize other peripheral devices, such as printers, which I’d assume would be required for some activities on the premises. How LAN fulfils future needs – LAN’s are ‘relatively’ simple to set up, obviously they can utilize a ‘WLAN’ (Wireless LAN), if setup becomes a problem. The LAN will cater for any expansions each individual store/office requires; all that is needed is another cable to connect the workstation/peripheral into the LAN network. This also gives DingoMobile the reassurance that any required expansions to the network are basically a cable connection away. Considerations for the LAN – The LAN aspect of this network solution may not be as effective, if some premises find it difficult to run cables connecting all of their computers/peripherals together. This should be solved however if they can utilize a WLAN instead, however that is only a possible solution if they cannot run wires throughout the premises. ________________ VPN – Currently, Dingo Mobile has a single store, and a head office. They require a connection between each of the stores/head office, allowing networking between each of the stores/head office. The VPN would allow this; we would connect each of the individual LANs to a Cable/DSL Model that would then allow connection to the internet and from that, access to the Dingo Mobile VPN. The VPN network is better described in part 2, basically being a private network utilizing public telecommunications (the internet). Through the VPN, we will be able to connect each of the store’s LANs together, allowing for wider-scale networking for the Dingo MobileCompany. Justification – Taking into consideration that Dingo Mobile desires a connection between the store and the head office, I’ve selected a VPN network to cater for this. The VPN will allow DingoMobile to create a ‘universal’ network, and allowing the potential future stores to be connected also. How VPN fulfils future needs –The VPN utilizes the internet, therefor it isn’t going to restrict the possible expansions that DingoMobile may require (being one of their future needs). If ever Dingo Mobile requires the sending of important data between head office/stores, the VPN will ensure that the data sent is encrypted, catering to the potential need for safety of transferred data. Considerations for the VPN –The VPN should operate fine, and should continue to do so into the future. Since the VPN is created using the internet, so obviously things such as bandwidth, speed etc., may become an issue. Measures however can be taken to speed up the VPN, so it isn’t a vital issue that needs to be worried about. ________________ 3b) Development Process – The existing system, from the information that I have been provided, basically includes no real networking (The information provided doesn’t indicate whether the store/office have actual networks setup individually, so I’m going to assume that they do not). Basically, DingoMobile want a networking solution to connect all of their store(s) and Head Office together, and I’ve explained the majority of this networking solution in the past two parts of this ‘report’. An overview of how the new system would be implemented, replacing the old system 1. If any previous network is set up on the individual premises, I would recommend taking it apart, and starting from scratch to ensure that everything is following the new network solution. 2. Check that every workstation is clean from viruses/non-corrupted and doesn’t have data that the entire future network should have access to. 3. Set up all of the workstations/other required devices in both the store and Head Office. 4. Connect all of the devices in each premises to the router, and each router to the modem (Setting up the LAN). 5. Once both LAN networks have been established, ensure that both are also connected to the internet. 6. Now that all of the LAN networks have been set-up, it would just be a matter of creating the VPN and interconnecting the head-office and all of the stores. 7. Test the VPN to ensure that everything is working, and once this is finished. The network should be ready for use! Also set different privileges for different users, ensuring that not everybody has access to everything within the network. Also, I’m explaining a quick overview of the Business’s expansion; this includes how the network will expand. 1. Once the network has been setup for the Head Office and single store, it will then be in the state to expand upon if required. 2. Whenever a new peripheral device requires to be added into the network, it will be connected through the LAN of the premises that it is situated, then also from that will be connected to the VPN. 3. Whenever a new store is established, a similar LAN network will be created on the premises, and from there all of the software related set-up will take place that allows that LAN network to also access the DingoMobile VPN. 4. Whenever a new Office is established, it will follow the same steps as the store; however a server may also be included into the LAN setup. As you can see, it’s relatively simple for the Business to expand with the current Network Solution I have provided. 3c) Monitoring the Network – To ensure that the employees are utilizing the network for work purposes, and also to monitor what is being sent throughout the network/occurring throughout the network (including potentially malicious activity etc) is a necessity for DingoMobile. Below are some methods that can be used to monitor the network – 1. UserMonitoringSoftware–This will be a vital part of monitoring the network, the users may be inclined to utilize the network for activities that aren’t helping/causing troubles for DingoMobile, so installing software that monitors all of the employees activity (to an extent that doesn’t conflict with personal privacy) would be one way to monitor the network. 2. Users/Groups – It’s recommended that the users/groups of the network is monitored regularly, due to potential ‘hackers’ gaining access into the VPN and assigning their new user all of the permissions, becoming a security problem for your network. 3. FilteringcertainURL/emails – This will allow you to hopefully avoid malicious files/sites being accessed through the network. 4. Enabling Firewalls (Monitoring the Web Access at Firewalls) – This builds onto the filtering URL/certain emails/files that are sent or accessed throughout the network. It allows you to monitor exactly what is being filtered, and keep track of related activity. EvaluatingtheNetworkSystem –Methods must be utilized to also evaluate the health, speed and general performance etc. of the network, these methods will be used to evaluate the network system in periodical intervals, indicating to the business when and where maintenance must occur on the network system. 1. Benchmarking – Certain programs can be used to compare the network against others in terms of performance. This would be a good indication to how DingoMobile’s network compares to other, similar networks. 2. CheckingtheNetworkUsage – There are tools that the administrators can use, such as the ping function, to measure the network usage, and also the Round Trip Time. This can be a good indication to how the network is performing. 3. Reading through related Error Logs – Reading the error logs relevant to the network will enable the reader to detect any issues, big or small, that may be occurring within the network. Checking this periodically will hopefully enable Dingo Mobile to pick up any problems occurring within the network. 4. Testing the Speed of the Network – Sending files from one premise to the other using the VPN aspect of the network can be used to test the speed of the network, and this can then highlight if there is any issues such as packet-loss that are occurring, and hopefully allows DingoMobile to then find and solve these problems.

French Architecture Not to Be Missed

French Architecture Not to Be Missed Touring France is like time traveling through the history of western Civilization. You wont be able to see all the architectural wonders  on your first visit, so youll want to return again and again. Follow this guide for an overview of the most significant buildings in France and a look at historic architecture you wont want to miss.   French Architecture and Its Importance From medieval times to modern days, France has been at the forefront of architectural innovation.  In Medieval times, Romanesque designs signaled pilgrimage churches, and the radical new Gothic style found its beginnings in France. During the Renaissance, the French borrowed from Italian ideas to create lavish Chateaux. In the 1600s, the French brought exuberance to the elaborate Baroque style. Neoclassism was popular in France until about 1840, followed by a revival of Gothic ideas. The Neoclassical architecture of public buildings in Washington, D.C. and throughout capital cities across the U.S. is in large part because of Thomas Jefferson in France. After the American Revolution, Jefferson served as Minister to France from 1784 to 1789, a time when he studied French and Roman architecture and brought them back to the new American nation. From 1885 until about 1820, the hot new French trend was Beaux Arts - an elaborate, highly decorated fashion inspired by many ideas from the past. Art Nouveau originated in France in the 1880s. Art Deco was born in Paris in 1925 before the style moved to Rockefeller Center in New York City. Then came the various modern movements, with France solidly in the lead. France is a Disney World of Western architecture. For centuries, students of architecture have made a point of traveling to France to learn historic design and construction techniques. Even today, the Ecole Nationale des Beaux Arts in Paris is considered the best architecture school in the world. But French architecture began even before France. Prehistoric Cave paintings have been stumbled upon throughout the world, and France is no exception. One of the most popular sites is Caverne du Pont d’Arc, a replica of the Chauvet Cave in the southern France area known as Vallon-Pont-dArc. The real cave is off limits to the casual traveler, but Caverne du Pont dArc is open for business. Also in southwestern France is the Và ©zà ¨re valley, a UNESCO Heritage area containing over 20 prehistoric painted caves. The most famous is the Grotte de Lascaux near Montignac, France. Roman Remains The Western Roman Empire in the 4th Century A.D. included what we now call France. Any countrys rulers will leave their architecture behind, and so did the Romans after its collapse. Most of the ancient Roman structures are, indeed, ruins, but some are not to be missed. Nà ®mes, on the southern coast of France, was called Nemausus thousands of years ago when Romans lived there. It was an important and well-known Roman city, and, so, many of the Roman ruins have been maintained, such as the Maison Carrà ©e and Les Arà ¨nes, The Amphitheater of Nà ®mes built around 70 A.D. The most spectacular example of Roman architecture, however, is the Pont du Gard, near Nimes. The famous aqueduct carried springwater to the city from the mountains about 20 miles away. Within two degrees latitude of  Nà ®mes is Vienne near Lyons and another area rich in Roman ruins. In addition to the 15 B.C. Grand Roman Theatre of Lyon, the Roman theater in Vienne is just one of many Roman ruins in a city once occupied by Julius Caesar. The Temple d’Auguste et de Livie and the Roman Pyramide in Vienne have been more recently joined by the newly discovered little Pompei a couple of miles across the Rhone River. As excavation for new housing was underway, intact mosaic floors were unearthed, which The Guardian described as remarkably preserved remains of luxury homes and public buildings. Of all the Roman ruins that remain, the amphitheatre may be the most prolific. The Thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre Antique in Orange is particularly well-preserved in southern France. And, of all the French villages that have so much to offer, the cities of Vaison-la-Romaine in southern France and  Saintes or Mà ©diolanum Santonum on the west coast will lead you through time from Roman ruins to Medieval walls. The cities themselves are architectural destinations. In and Around Paris La Ville-Lumià ¨re or the City of Light has long influenced the world, as a center of the Enlightenment and a canvas for western art and architecture. One of the most famous triumphal arches anywhere in the world is the Arc de Triomphe de lÉtoile. The 19th century Neoclassical structure is one of the largest Roman-inspired arches in the world. The spiral of streets emanating from this famous rotary is the Avenue des Champs-Élysà ©es, the road that leads to one of the most magnificent museums in the world, The Louvre, and the 1989 Louvre Pyramid designed by Pritzker Laureate I.M. Pei. Outside but near Paris is Versailles, whose popular garden and chateau are rich in history and architecture. Also just outside Paris is the Basilica Cathedral of Saint Denis, the church that moved Medieval architecture to something more Gothic. Further afield is Chartres Cathedral, also called Cathà ©drale Notre-Dame, that takes Gothic sacred architecture to new heights. The cathedral in Chartres, a day trip from Paris, should not be confused with the Notre Dame Cathedral in downtown Paris. The Eiffel Tower, a New Seven Wonders of the World finalist, can be seen down the river from the gargoyles of Notre Dame. Paris is filled with modern architecture, too. The Center Pompidou designed by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano revolutionized museum design in the 1970s. Quai Branly Museum by Jean Nouvel and Louis Vuitton Foundation Museum by Frank Gehry continued the modernization of Paris. Paris is also known for its theaters, most notably the Paris Opà ©ra by Charles Garnier. Integrated within the Beaux-Arts-Baroque-Revival  Palais Garnier is LOpà ©ra Restaurant by the modern French architect Odile Decq. Pilgrimage Churches of France A pilgrimage church can be a destination in itself, such as the pilgrimage church of Wieskirche in Bavaria and Tournus Abbey in France, or it can be a church along the route pilgrims take. After the Edict of Milan legitimized Christianity, the most popular pilgrimage for European Christians was to a place in northern Spain. The Camino de Santiago, also called the Way of St. James, is the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, Spain, where the remains of Saint James, Apostle of Jesus Christ, is said to be. For European Christians who could not travel to Jerusalem during the Middle Ages, Galicia was wildly popular. To get to Spain, however, most travelers had to move through France. Camino Francà ©s or the French Way are the four pathways through France that lead to the final Spanish route to Santiago de Compostela. The Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France are historic, with historic architecture created to accommodate the REAL Middle Age tourist! These routes became part of the   UNESCO World Heritage site in 1998. Look for preserved, historic buildings and monuments along these routes. The symbolic use of the shell (an item given to pilgrims who completed the journey to Spains coast)   will be found everywhere. The architecture along these routes does not attract the large crowds of modern tourists, yet much of the historic significance is similar to more touristy structures.. Architecture Beyond Paris France has not stopped growing. Ancient Roman structures may stand near 21st century modern architecture. France may be for lovers, but the country also is for time travelers. Sarlat-la-Canà ©da en Dordogne, La Cite, the castle city of Carcassonne, Popes Palace in Avignon, Chà ¢teau du Clos Lucà ©, near Amboise, where Leonardo da Vinci spent his last days - all have stories to tell. The work of 21st century architects abound throughout up-and-coming French cities: Lille Grand Palais (Congrexpo), Rem Koolhaas in Lille; Maison Bordeaux, Rem Koolhaas in Bordeaux; Millau Viaduct, Norman Foster in Southern France; FRAC Bretagne, Odile Decq in Rennes; and Pierres Vives, Zaha Hadid in Montpellier. Famous French Architects The writings of Eugà ¨ne Viollet-le-Duc (1814-1879) are well-known to the student of architecture, but his restoration of Medieval buildings throughout France  - most notably Notre Dame in Paris  - are better known to the tourist. Other architects with French roots include Charles Garnier (1825-1898); Le Corbusier (Swiss born in 1887, but educated in Paris, died in France 1965); Jean Nouvel; Odile Decq; Christian de Portzamparc; Dominique Perrault; and Gustave Eiffel. Sources France: archaeologists uncover little Pompeii south of Lyon, The Guardian, August 1, 2017,  https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/02/france-archaeologists-uncover-little-pompeii-south-of-lyon [accessed October 29, 2017]

Company law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Company law - Essay Example Rangers Ltd can proceed with the proposed alteration if Muna continues to express interest with the rival company. However, Kumar illegally helped his cousin acquire shares in the company posing a threat to the legal procedure; this is also another legal issue, which is actionable in a court of law, but it is unfortunate that mark is not aware of the issue. This is because nepotism is illegal according to the law and parties should not favour their relatives over other partners. Kumar abused his position as the managing director to promote his relatives. By telling his cousin to support his decisions, he corrupts the process of decision making for the company. This means that all decisions were in his favour but not for the well-being of the company and other shareholders. It is evident that proceedings Rangers Ltd in the have been for the interest of the Kumar as there are only three directors in the company. This is a serious offence and Kumar should as well be terminated from the company. It is evident that the two want to attain full ownership of the company under majority shares. The third shareholder is a determinant where the party he supports attain the majority opinion, which is considered in ruling out their case by voting. The majority rule favours Kumar who has the support of Mark, such a situation reduces the chances of Muna succeeding in his accusations. They should follow the procedure outlined in the business ethics. It illustrates that liaising with another company with an aim of combining shares is against the law. The initial Article of Association is significant in showing the duties and responsibilities of individual. All directors are subject to the article and thus Muna should be answerable in a court of law action as far as is actions are concerned. This adds to why the company is justified to take legal charges against Muna (Geltzer & Trainor, 2010). According to the previous case laws, the company should be the complainant and not indi vidual shareholders. Therefore, the three should all support each other in filling the case against certain decisions. This points out that the proposed alterations cannot be made until the final ruling is done. The statute in the Company’s Directors Disqualification Act of 1986 states that if the director goes against the rules of the company then disqualification is a disciplinary measure. Under the companies Act of 2006, any member is prevented by law from selling any shares from the company without an agreement from other members and shareholders. In addition, the agreement for sale or shifts of shares must be by all the members. The proper claimant principle helps in ruling a case where the company is the sole complainant. However, in this scenario, there is a tag of two members against one thus the common law that protect the minorities is enforced based on the argument presented. Some of the members’ rights have been infringed, and thus the exceptions are applic able for this case (Aiman, 2008). All occurrences must be considered to achieve a fair ruling on all parties. For the two shareholders to add clauses to the current article all members must be present to avoid fraud. This ensures that they are both heard and a base for their argument established. Muna is not justified in assuming more control for the company since he is a director and Kumar is above him as the managing director; his actions are against all ethics of company law thus should face

Literacy Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literacy Autobiography - Essay Example Plenty of dimensions have been attached to literacy. Cultural values play an important role in helping a person to acquire literacy. Even though literacy is encouraged in most of the cultures, some cultures seem to have disbelief in the power of literacy. For example, women in fundamental Muslim societies are denied the opportunity to acquire literacy. In one of the recent shocking incidents, a teenage Pakistani girl, Malala was attacked by the Muslim fundamental groups for her efforts to spread education among Muslim girls in Pakistan. However, most of the other cultures including that one mine are encouraging literacy among all kind of people. In fact my culture or community is giving more attention educating even the old people. It should be noted that literacy helps people to become self-sufficient in all respects. Illiterate people forced to depend others more than literate people. For example, it is difficult for an illiterate person to fill official documents or read newspaper s. Such people always depends others for knowing things happening around them. We are living in a world in which the technological growth is taking place at a rapid pace. Many of the technologies in the past have given way for new technologies. For example, huge growth has been observed in mobile technologies in recent times. Instead of ordinary mobile phones, touchscreen phones or smartphones are currently conquering the market. The capabilities of smartphones are unimaginable. It is impossible for an illiterate person to operate a modern smartphone. My literacy in terms of technology is pretty good. I have already learned many things about computers and its operations. My knowledge in computer technologies is definitely helping me to operate most of the modern electronic equipment such as smartphones, television sets, digital cameras, etc. It would have been impossible for me to operate these things if I was an illiterate person. It is unimaginable for me to lead a life in which I should seek the help of others in operating a mobile phone or camera. Such a scenario would have been a real shame for me. At present, I am able to operate my smartphones and iPad with very much ease. It helps me chat with my friends and relatives through internet and social media. Moreover, these equipment helps me to stay connected to the external world all the time with the help of internet. My iPad is helping me immensely in my studies. My iPad helps me to avoid writing notes, and carrying a bunch of books into the classroom. If I was in illiterate in terms of technology, still I would have carried heavy note books and text books into the class room. In short, my literacy in technology is helping me in reducing my workloads immensely and also in standing tall among my friends and relatives. Fortunately, I belong to a community or culture which has open mind towards literacy. In fact, my community is encouraging education at all levels. It keeps a liberal attitude towards litera cy. Adult education is given special emphasizing in my community. I remember a massive literacy campaign conducted in my native place few couple of decades before. The purpose of this literacy campaign was to educate all the people in that place in reading and writing. This campaign helped my home town to become 100% literate within three months. Now all the people including the farmers, laborers and old people in my home town are capable of reading and writi

Prsosecution of a Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Prsosecution of a Case - Essay Example Homicide and terrorism are the two chosen cases for this illustration. There is voluminous amount of work that requires to be done with the witnesses, evidences, statements and items prior to the case being brought before the jury and the judge subsequent to the information of the original misdeed. A number of ethical considerations should be put into considerations from the establishment of a particular case say homicide. The exploration of particular cases should remain in the hands of law enforcement workers who are directly connected to the information and case concerning the suspect's true identity, the approach and procedure followed to retrieve information from the said suspect and the fact that neither coercion nor excessive force was employed so as to attain a confession etc (Schmalleger, 2006). It is important that the investigation observes legal and professional standards from the commencement till completion of a case so that it can be prosecuted successfully. The requirement that an investigator be of high ethical and moral standards is o f great importance to the suspect himself, the whole case, the prosecution, the victim and the department. All of the parts should become clear rather than be changed or forced to fit a particular crime as it happened. Terrorism and homicide are considered to the most ruthless crimes common in human society. To minimize the ethical problems involved in the investigation of these crimes, investigators should seek to curtail the ethical issues such as: getting confessions through exercising of force, coercion or unjust intimidation of the suspect; turning down a request by a suspect to his/her attorney representative; bullying and bribing; torture and beatings of suspects or worst of all straight out/ pre-judicial murder of the suspects. Investigators should uphold professionalism and follow the set techniques for investigating a crime i.e. Interview every witness as well as the victim(s) if doable. Scrutinize the scene to ascertain a hypothesis as to what took place. Take pictures of the scene to obtain visual evidence of all substance and potential evidence. Draft should be prepared of the sight as to the site of evidence or body etc. Process every information and tangible evidence that was gotten and follow through on it. Prosecution problems that can arise when the case is presented for trial if the investigator was unethical In case a case is presented for trial deficient of the ethical principle of the investigator, a number of prosecution problems may arise: if the whole or part of the terrorism or homicide inquiry is pushed or rushed through devoid of the whole thing being handled in a professional and thorough manner, a mistaken suspect might be held convict under sham pretenses or worse still the case in question might be thrown out of the court; a legal malpractice claim might be filed against the investigator, the unprofessional and improper handling of the relationship between the attorney and the client results to negligence claims which are not founded on the definite services given. Even if lawyers encounter unique realities and difficulties in

Jonathan Edwards Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jonathan Edwards - Research Paper Example He was very much interested in different areas of science, ideologies and thoughts and especially in the world of philosophy (Sander-Cederlof, 1974). Edwards became very well aware of all the modern philosophical and theological issues and became familiar with the writing of John Locke and his ‘Essay concerning human understanding’ especially influenced Edward during the period of his study at Yale College. The ideological clashes and arguments between the orthodox Calvinism and its challenging movements such as Deism, Arianism and Angilical Arminianism were included in his studies along with such ideas as British Empiricism and continental Rationalism which were originated in Europe (Jonathan Edwards: Biography). Edwards was dedicated to express his innovative ideas in front of the great personalities of the Enlightenment. He synthesized protestant theology with Newton’s physics, the third earl of Shaftesbury’s aesthetics, Locke’s psychology and Mal ebranche’s moral philosophy and thereby provided a recasting to Calvinism. Metaphysics and natural philosophy were the other important areas of his interest and one could find his exclusive writings on this topics.

Dell Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dell Inc - Case Study Example Dell has successfully entered the Chinese marketplace and holds 7% of the market. Dell is forth in sales in China followed closely by IBM and Hewlett-Packard. Dell lags behind Legend, Founder, and Tongfang. Dell's greatest challenge has been competition from local venders who can market a product at a fairly low price. Corporate governance consists of a board of directors. The board has several committees with a different board member chairing each. "The Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of and supervision of the overall affairs of the company" (Dell, 2007). Dell's Asia Pacific Region President is Bill Amelio and Kevin Rollins is the CEO. The Dell Executive Leadership Team is chaired by Michael Dell. Mr. Dell founded the company in 1984 with $1000 and big ideas. He leads a team of 13 other highly qualified executives that share the same goals and objectives for Dell. Mr. Dell and his team have been exceedingly successful building the company and expanding its business to the global marketplace. Dell's leadership has made it a competitor in the Chinese market. The market for computer products and services in China is very competitive. With the large increase in ownership of computers has come an increased usage of the internet. As China moves to withdraw tariffs on computer products the demand for these products will rise. Chinese businesses and individual consumers will continue to seek out and buy these products. B./C. Industry Environment/Summary of External Forces The computer industry is full of potential competitors. With China's withdrawal of tariffs and barriers to trade the market in China for personal computers and components will be more and more competitive. The market remains competitive in China because, in addition to brand name computers, the market includes clones (generic non branded computers) that can be purchased at lower prices. Currently Dell's sales in China make up only 10% of its overall sales. U.S. sales are at about 69% of overall sales. Dell's major competitors in China are Legend (27% of market share), Founder (10% of market share) Tongfang (8% market share), IBM (5% market share) and HP (3% market share). Dell's current market share in China is 7%. With the raising of tariffs, Dell, and other foreign competitors, will be able to compete on a more level playing field for customers. III. Internal Environment (Strengths and Weaknesses) E. Corporate Structure and Corporate Culture The company is lead by a board of directors. Each director provides oversight of different segment of Dell. Dell's Asian Pacific Region is led by Bill Amelio. Dell's Chinese market for personal computers uses the direct selling method that cuts out the 'middleman'. The inventory system used by Dell is called the "just in time" model that keeps inventory levels at a 6-day supply rather than stocking up and having a larger inventory in the warehouses. Inventory is replenished as needed. Inventory costs are kept to a minimum thus Dell can pass on the savings to its customer. Chinese customers can expect Dell's products to be lower priced than its competitors. F. Organizational Activities Analysis Dell uses a direct business model. The company has made it a

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example As revealed, Bill Gates’ philanthropic thrusts extends to his applying concepts of CSR in his organizations; including the establishment of Bill & Melinda Gates’ Foundation. On the contrary, Steve Jobs’ main thrust was focused on coming up with innovative ideas on Apple’s products and little emphasis in applying CSR was exemplified. The differences in ideals and philosophies on CSR as exhibited by Apple and Microsoft actually revealed inconsistent conclusions with that advocated by the concept. It was revealed from the concepts presented in class about CSR that the benefits of organizations for investing in CSR include: customer loyalty, workforce satisfaction, community support, and exhibiting a better corporate image. From the experiences of both Apple and Microsoft, it was confusing to realize that despite Microsoft’s application of CSR, the organization was surpassed by Apple (the organization that has not invested in CSR) in term of leadership, popularity, and financial returns. In analyzing the comparative thrusts of each organization regarding investing in CSR, one actually expected that the organization that aptly invested in CSR should exhibit greater popularity and financial returns. However, from the experience and from the information revealed in the video, the opposite effect was noted. It was therefore concluded that comparing one to the other in terms of their investment in CSR could be insufficient to validate that this factor alone was contributory to the financial success of Apple. From the perspectives of the owners, it determining factor was that the investment and application of CSR had been instrumental to the feeling of fulfillment that Bill and Melinda Gates have experienced. Their main thrust for Microsoft was not merely to generate financial returns, nor to project a positive corporate image. For Bill and Melinda Gates, the self-actualization

Dell Inc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dell Inc - Case Study Example Dell has successfully entered the Chinese marketplace and holds 7% of the market. Dell is forth in sales in China followed closely by IBM and Hewlett-Packard. Dell lags behind Legend, Founder, and Tongfang. Dell's greatest challenge has been competition from local venders who can market a product at a fairly low price. Corporate governance consists of a board of directors. The board has several committees with a different board member chairing each. "The Board of Directors is responsible for oversight of and supervision of the overall affairs of the company" (Dell, 2007). Dell's Asia Pacific Region President is Bill Amelio and Kevin Rollins is the CEO. The Dell Executive Leadership Team is chaired by Michael Dell. Mr. Dell founded the company in 1984 with $1000 and big ideas. He leads a team of 13 other highly qualified executives that share the same goals and objectives for Dell. Mr. Dell and his team have been exceedingly successful building the company and expanding its business to the global marketplace. Dell's leadership has made it a competitor in the Chinese market. The market for computer products and services in China is very competitive. With the large increase in ownership of computers has come an increased usage of the internet. As China moves to withdraw tariffs on computer products the demand for these products will rise. Chinese businesses and individual consumers will continue to seek out and buy these products. B./C. Industry Environment/Summary of External Forces The computer industry is full of potential competitors. With China's withdrawal of tariffs and barriers to trade the market in China for personal computers and components will be more and more competitive. The market remains competitive in China because, in addition to brand name computers, the market includes clones (generic non branded computers) that can be purchased at lower prices. Currently Dell's sales in China make up only 10% of its overall sales. U.S. sales are at about 69% of overall sales. Dell's major competitors in China are Legend (27% of market share), Founder (10% of market share) Tongfang (8% market share), IBM (5% market share) and HP (3% market share). Dell's current market share in China is 7%. With the raising of tariffs, Dell, and other foreign competitors, will be able to compete on a more level playing field for customers. III. Internal Environment (Strengths and Weaknesses) E. Corporate Structure and Corporate Culture The company is lead by a board of directors. Each director provides oversight of different segment of Dell. Dell's Asian Pacific Region is led by Bill Amelio. Dell's Chinese market for personal computers uses the direct selling method that cuts out the 'middleman'. The inventory system used by Dell is called the "just in time" model that keeps inventory levels at a 6-day supply rather than stocking up and having a larger inventory in the warehouses. Inventory is replenished as needed. Inventory costs are kept to a minimum thus Dell can pass on the savings to its customer. Chinese customers can expect Dell's products to be lower priced than its competitors. F. Organizational Activities Analysis Dell uses a direct business model. The company has made it a

Incidnets In The Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs Essay

Incidnets In The Life of a Slave Girl by Harriet Jacobs - Essay Example Due to the efforts of Jacobs’ autobiographer Yellin and the discovery of Jacobs’ letters with many abolitionists, the authenticity was established. Harriet Jacobs was not a proficient writer indeed. However, she had a story to tell and she worked at developing writing skills. In already 1858 she finished the manuscript of the book which was further proofread by L. Maria Child and published. The first sentence of the narrative makes us aware that the story is autobiographic. The personal story of the author served the basis of Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. The Jacobs’s autobiographer Yellin confirmed that events of the Incidents by Linda Brent coincided with the key events of Jacobs’ life - the suggestion earlier voiced by Amy Post. The facts of life of the main character and the author are identical and one can easily track them. The similarities of Linda’s early childhood in the Incidents and Harriet Jacobs’s childhood are the death of the mother which makes her aware of the slave status, then the death of the mistress who cared for her, her purchase by the mistress’ sister for five-year-old daughter, the death of the father, etc. Later when Linda Brent’s mistress was married to Dr. Flint (Dr. James Norcom in real life), Linda was haunted by him. She desperately tried to escape Dr. Flint and entered intimate relations with Samuel Tredwell Sawyer (Mr. Sands in the narrative) and bore two children for him - Joseph and Louisa Matilda (Ben and Ellen in the narrative). The other vivid biographic feature depicted in the story is 7 years ‘imprisonment’ of Linda in her grandmother’s attic to avoid abuse of Dr. Flint. Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl is fundamental work which changed the traditional view about the slave narrative which had been primarily written by male authors. This shift allowed emphasizing issues of family, womanhood and sexuality in a different light. The standards of womanhood which

Victorian England Essay Example for Free

Victorian England Essay We are studying the novel Great Expectations which was written by Charles Dickens. In this novel Dickens shows his concerns about injustices within the society that he lives in and he intends to describe to us what his childhood and past life may have been like. This novel is written in first person narration. The form its written in is called bildungsroman. It means the protagonist of the book i. e. Pip is now grown up and is looking back on his life. I intend to compare the similarities between Chapter 1 and Chapter 20 focusing on the differences between both of them. Section 2: In the beginning of the novel Pip is standing lonely and desolate in a graveyard overlooking the graves of his parents and five brothers. He appears poor and vulnerable and lives with his sister and Joe Gargery (blacksmith). Since his parents died his sister has been raising him by hand. Dickens uses the weather and the fact that Pip feels lonely to create a frightening atmosphere and environment around Pip. When Pip is standing in the graveyard he is scared and caught by a convict called Magwitch. Magwitch catches Pip and hangs him in thin air whilst asking him his name and where he lives. Pip is terrified yet he replies with him name and tells Magwitch that he lives with the blacksmith. Magwitch shakes Pip a couple of times to empty out his pockets and he searches for any food he may be carrying. He then threatens Pip and makes him promise to bring him food tomorrow. He makes him swear he shall not tell anyone his location or a man Magwitch claims as his accomplice will find Pip and tear out his heart and his liver. Magwitch describes this man as brutal and says it will be hard to keep him away from Pip if Pip doesnt follow his instructions. Pip returns to his house and is insulted and hit by his sister while Joe defends him from her. Hes told to steal some food for the escaped convict. Dickens wants the reader to fell sorry for both Pip and Magwitch in this Chapter as they are both feeling lonely and need help. Section 3: Pip and Magwitch and both very vulnerable and scared characters. Pip is scared of Magwitch not knowing that he in turn is also scared of the soldiers that have been sent out to capture him. Pip gives the file and the food to Magwitch telling him that there is also another escaped convict in the nearby area and that the soldiers are close by searching as the gunshots are being heard by everyone. Quotations: Missing Dickens intends to reflect the real Victorian society by showing that instead of Mrs . Joe sending Pip to live elsewhere she keeps him by herself. Also, the convicts want to escape prison because they are being kept in hulks and the living conditions are terrible. The transport during Victorian days was mainly walking. ( During the days when Charles Dickens was growing up trains existed but he chooses to write his novels in the past tense even from his time). When convicts were given harsh punishments they were mainly transported to Australia and should they choose to return they would be killed. Dickens links the novel to Victorian England and shows that the poor and uneducated arent treated in the same way as the rich people were. Section 4: In Chapter 20 Pip has changed from being a child and is now twenty three years old. He has lost most of his morals in trying to become a gentleman. He now knows how to present himself in society and the people around him but knows nothing of how he should behave with his old friend and mentor, Joe. Also Pip has changed from being poor to having wealth. Pip is the same in some ways such as feeling guilty about anything he does wrong but as well as his wealth, he has also had a change in his attitude. He behaves as if most people are beneath him and his is better then them in most ways so basically he thinks himself better then anyone else and is bigheaded. He lives with his roommate and best friend Herbert Pocket. Dickens is using first person narration in this novel to present Pip in different ways as compared to Chapter 1. Pips arrogance and ungratefulness towards his true benefactor is shown through what he thinks. Pip doesnt like the fact that his benefactor is a criminal who he helped in his childhood. Section 5: Once again Dickens has presented us with atmosphere that frightens Pip just like in Chapter 1. Dickens highlights the fact that the weather is once again stormy, rainy and cloudy all the time. He creates the same conditions that occurred the first time that Magwitch entered Pips life thus introducing the fact that Magwitch will return in this Chapter. When Magwitch shows up at Pips flat, Pip is terrified and he still thinks of Magwitch as the powerful figure from his childhood and starts feeling vulnerable not knowing that Magwitch feels the same way as he is a return convict from Australia and could end up in prison again. Pip is surprised to find out about Magwitch having given him enough money to cover his expenses and live like a gentleman. He appears to be the same as he was all those years ago, he behaves and acts as if him and Pip are very close when in fact Pip is horrified over what he has just found out. He wants to be able to live with Pip and he thinks of him as a very nice person for having helped him when he was a child. Section 6: At the beginning of Chapter 20 Pip is faced with tough decisions. He is confused about how to deal with the circumstances he is faced with. When Pip is faced with the reality that Mrs. Havisham has not been his benefactor and therefore realises that means that Mrs. Havisham had not intention of wanting him to marry Estella. He thinks that he has been cheated and Pip doesnt like the fact that whatever he has achieved has been accomplished by the convict and murderer who Pip helped during his childhood. First person narration is used here to explain Pips disappointment and sadness. When Pip about Magwitch having funded him he is not pleased besides knowing that Magwitch is a criminal he also knows that this means Miss Havisham was not preparing him to marry Estella therefore there is now no hope for him being able to do so. Conclusion: At the time this novel was written the justice system in Victorian England was very harsh especially with the poor people. Dickens has shown Magwitch as a very nice person who is good hearted and wants to help Pip in any way that he can but he finds it hard to do so because since he has gotten in trouble with the law. If he chooses to return to England and meet Pip he will suffer harsh justice. Since he murdered his partner, Compeyson then Magwitch will be put to death. During the time Dickens wrote this novel the death penalty was very common and whilst writing each of his novels he chooses a character who is poor and suffering due to the legal system. Through Pips experiences in this novel we can now fully understand that the poor arent treated equally to the rich in any way. The poor are mainly uneducated and the rich live exquisite lifestyles in which they are free to do whatever they please. Victorian England is projected as full of injustice ands the differences between rich and poor is emphasized.